Preparation for trauma and emergencies

Attention

  • Familiarise yourself with the organisations equipment, procedures, check lists and schedules
  • Remote areas use satellite phones, mobile phones and radios. Make sure all staff know how these work and how to operate them in an emergency
  • Practise emergency procedures (mock emergency) so you are all prepared 
    • Get as many people as possible involved so all know their role
    • Being prepared helps staff feel more confident and leads to better care

Portable equipment

Remote Emergency Kit

Essential equipment for emergencies outside the clinic 

  • Stock for 2–3 casualties. Do not overfill
  • Keep all equipment stored together in one place, don't use for other purposes
  • Have laminated check lists of contents and adhere to checking and replacement schedules
  • Have a notice stored with equipment advising 
    • What other items to take and where they are stored
    • Where emergency medicines are stored (eg fridge, pharmacy)
    • Where scheduled medicines are stored (eg safe, secured area)

Suggested Contents 

  • Clinical protocol manuals (eg CPM, STM, WBM)
  • Clipboard with paper, pens and trauma forms 
  • Triage cards if available
  • Airway
    • Suction —  tubing, connectors
    • Yankauer suckers  
    • Y suction soft flexible catheters — all sizes
    • Airways — oropharyngeal, nasopharyngeal, laryngeal mask — all sizes
    • Cervical spine collars — all sizes or multi-size, sandbags
  • Breathing
    • Portable oxygen equipment with tubing
    • Bag-valve-masks with oxygen attachment — adult, child, infant sizes
    • Stethoscope
    • Oxygen masks — adult, child and infant sizes
    • Non-rebreather masks — adult and child sizes
    • Nebuliser masks — adult and child
    • 14G non-retractable cannula for needle decompression 
  • Circulation
    • 2% chlorhexidine in 70% alcohol wipes
    • Tourniquet
    • IV cannula — 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 gauge
    • Intraosseous devices — adult and child
    • IV bungs, extension tubing, IV dressings
    • Syringes — 10ml, normal saline to flush
    • IV giving sets 
    • Tape
    • Crepe bandages and combine dressing 
    • Trauma scissors
    • Small sharps container
  • Gadgets
    • Pen torch
    • BP (sphygmomanometer) with multiple cuff sizes
    • O2 sats monitor
    • Blood glucose kit
    • Suture kit
    • Watch with second hand

Extras kits — in separate container

Ambulance contents

  • Emergency and local contact numbers 
    • Doctor, retrieval service, ambulance
    • Hospital
    • Ambulance satellite phone number
    • Your mobile phone number
    • Your radio call signal
  • Local community and regional maps 
  • Oxygen and suction
  • Stretcher with blanket and pillow
  • Scoop stretcher and straps
  • Tissues
  • Vomit bags
  • Rubbish bags
  • Body bags
  • Reflective vests
  • Torch and spare batteries
  • Hazard triangles
  • Drinking water
  • Small tarp 

Remote clinic emergency area

  • Hands free phone, phone numbers for doctor and emergency services 
  • Clock with second hand
  • Freestanding emergency stretcher/bed with IV poles
  • 3-drawer emergency trolley
    • On top — monitor and defibrillator, sharps container, documentation paperwork, frequent observations and fluid balance charts
    • Drawer 1Airway equipment including mini-tracheostomy kit if available 
    • Drawer 2Breathing equipment including non-retractable cannula 
    • Drawer 3Circulation equipment including snake bite bandages and intraosseous devices
    • Bottom — reflex hammer, defibrillator supplies including range of BP cuffs and O2 sat finger probes
  • PPE 
  • ECG
  • Oxygen and suction equipment (including spanner for changing cylinders)
  • POC Test equipment
  • Examination light
  • BLS and ALS wall charts, paediatric dosing and equipment sizes charts

Responding to remote emergency call-out

When advised of  an emergency situation, get all available information before responding — this will guide what and how much equipment to take. Use mnemonic METHANE to remember important details 

  • Major incident
  • Exact location — which road and how far away, any identifying features nearby (eg 'on Corrugated Highway, 1km past Mt Lonely turn-off’)
  • Type of incident
  • Hazards, present and potential (eg chemical/fuel spills, power lines)
  • Access to scene 
  • Number, severity and type of casualties
  • Emergency services already present and required

Helpers

  • Follow your organisation’s protocols about who to call and what help to take (eg doctor, police, local emergency services RFDS, St John Ambulance)
  • Advise other staff and volunteers if needed — consider
    • Someone to come with you possibly in a separate vehicle
    • Someone to stand by clinic radio/phone and coordinate communications
    • Someone to get clinic ready if you are likely to bring people back

Take

  • Helper/s — leave room in ambulance for casualties
  • Remote emergency kit
  • Medication kit
  • PPE kit
  • Any other relevant kit
  • For safety and comfort consider
    • Water 
    • Insect repellent, sunscreen
    • Hat, sturdy footwear, protective clothing 
    • Snack bar, fruit

Before Leaving

  • Check incident location — do you know how to get there
  • Check someone knows where you are going, time you expect to arrive (ETA) and when you will call again
  • Check vehicle  — water, fuel, tools, spare tyres
  • Check all required medical emergency equipment on board
  • Test phone call/radio check from vehicle 
  • Clarify who is team leader and helpers role/s
  • Consider bathroom break and food 

At Scene

  • Park as close as safely possible to protect you and the scene
  • Switch on hazard warning lights and put on reflective clothing 
  • If on or near road — ask helper to manage traffic and put out hazard triangles if available
  • Take deep breath, have a good look, work out who is in charge, what has happened and what your priorities are

Remember: If police/rescue/SES/fire brigade present — they are in charge of scene. Wait for them to declare it safe for you to approach

  • Contact clinic/doctor — quickly tell them exactly where you are, what is happening. Ask them to pass on to any others responding
  • Work out which casualties to triage first (deal with). See — Assessing trauma — primary and secondary survey 
  • Ask others to help
    • Record what you do 
    • Clear up rubbish — sharps go straight into container
    • Carry spare equipment back to make room in ambulance for patients

Follow-up

  • Record what you have done in each person's file notes
  • Refuel and restock ambulance, restock Remote Emergency Kit
  • Have a cup of tea, consider debrief with colleagues and emergency workers
  • If you or your colleagues feel upset or traumatised by what you have seen or done — ask for help from your manager and/or use Bush Support Services 1800 805 391
  • Don’t be too hard on yourself. You can only do your best in very difficult circumstances and learn from the experience

Supporting resources

  • Retrieval medicine courses for doctors
  • Remote emergency courses for nurses and doctors